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Palaeontology

Did humans reach Americas 22,000 years ago?

By T.K. Randall
April 30, 2013 · Comment icon 56 comments

Image Credit: PDPhoto
New evidence has been found which suggests humans reached South America far earlier than thought.
It has been generally believed that the first humans reached the Americas around 13,000 years ago with evidence building since the 1980s to suggest that colonization might have occurred slightly before that about 15,000 years ago. Now however the discovery of what appear to be stone tools at a site in Brazil has turned this figure on its head and opens up the possibility that humans had arrived on the continent as far back as 22,000 years ago.

There is considerable uncertainty over the find among scientists with many casting doubt on the accuracy of the claims. Some have suggested that objects that appear to be human-made tools could be created by rocks falling and breaking apart, however an analysis of the tools seems to indicate that they are made from a type of rock which can only be found over 15km from the site.[!gad]It has been generally believed that the first humans reached the Americas around 13,000 years ago with evidence building since the 1980s to suggest that colonization might have occurred slightly before that about 15,000 years ago. Now however the discovery of what appear to be stone tools at a site in Brazil has turned this figure on its head and opens up the possibility that humans had arrived on the continent as far back as 22,000 years ago.

There is considerable uncertainty over the find among scientists with many casting doubt on the accuracy of the claims. Some have suggested that objects that appear to be human-made tools could be created by rocks falling and breaking apart, however an analysis of the tools seems to indicate that they are made from a type of rock which can only be found over 15km from the site.
Humans lived in South America at the height of the last ice age, thousands of years earlier than we thought, according to a controversial study. A team claims to have found 22,000-year-old stone tools at a site in Brazil, though other archaeologists are disputing the claim.


Source: New Scientist | Comments (56)




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Comment icon #47 Posted by Abramelin 12 years ago
cool. .. from the ^ article : "The shape of the skulls has led us to believe that Eva and the others have more of an affinity with people from South Asia than North Asia," González explained. I read something odd in that article: The polar ice caps melted dramatically 8,000 to 9,000 years ago, causing sea levels to rise hundreds of feet and submerging the burial grounds of the skeletons. Stalactites and stalagmites then grew around the remains, preventing them from being washed out to sea. Can stalactites and stalagmites grow underwater?? That's a new one for me....
Comment icon #48 Posted by lightly 12 years ago
I didn't even see the second page! But ,right, the stalactites and stalagmites were there Before the water rose. on a side note : from what i can gather, Except for a huge ice shelf on the coast of 'Alaska' the Pacific coast of the americas remained Ice Free during the last Glacial Maximum??? during that time... 22,000 years ago???
Comment icon #49 Posted by Abramelin 12 years ago
I didn't even see the second page! But ,right, the stalactites and stalagmites were there Before the water rose. on a side note : from what i can gather, Except for a huge ice shelf on the coast of 'Alaska' the Pacific coast of the americas remained Ice Free during the last Glacial Maximum??? during that time... 22,000 years ago??? The Laurentide Ice Sheet was a massive sheet of ice that covered hundreds of thousands of square miles, including most of Canada and a large portion of the northern United States, multiple times during Quaternary glacial epochs. It last covered most of northern Nort... [More]
Comment icon #50 Posted by PersonFromPorlock 12 years ago
Here's a thought: bears, moose, bison and horses were all well represented in both the Old World and the New. If they could spread from one to the other, what could have kept early modern man from wandering here too? Or h. erectus, for that matter? I know, no evidence - but given the presence of other global fauna, any objection to human presence 12KYA based on either a lack of opportunity or obstructions like ice sheets that only humans, apparently, could not pass is not very convincing.
Comment icon #51 Posted by DieChecker 12 years ago
Here's a thought: bears, moose, bison and horses were all well represented in both the Old World and the New. If they could spread from one to the other, what could have kept early modern man from wandering here too? Or h. erectus, for that matter? I know, no evidence - but given the presence of other global fauna, any objection to human presence 12KYA based on either a lack of opportunity or obstructions like ice sheets that only humans, apparently, could not pass is not very convincing. I've had that same question/idea...
Comment icon #52 Posted by Myles 12 years ago
Since you mentioned horses. Modern horses, zebras, and asses belong to the genus Equus, the only surviving genus in a once diverse family, the Equidae. Based on fossil records, the genus appears to have originated in North America about 4 million years ago and spread to Eurasia (presumably by crossing the Bering land bridge) 2 to 3 million years ago. Following that original emigration, there were additional westward migrations to Asia and return migrations back to North America, as well as several extinctions of Equus species in North America. The last prehistoric North American horses died ou... [More]
Comment icon #53 Posted by monk 56 12 years ago
As North & South America was populated from Russia and as far as we know not across the Pacific Ocean, i find most of the myths of Sirius fascinating, a dog or wolf is often mentioned, in other areas we can think that this was by trade, but America is different. Cherokee native americans have a myth called "Two Dogs" that relate to Canis Major and Sirius, strangely similiar, please scroll down link:- http://www.wwu.edu/depts/skywise/legends.html
Comment icon #54 Posted by lightly 12 years ago
The Laurentide Ice Sheet was a massive sheet of ice that covered hundreds of thousands of square miles, including most of Canada and a large portion of the northern United States, multiple times during Quaternary glacial epochs. It last covered most of northern North America between c. 95,000 and c. 20,000 years before the present day. At times, its southern margin included the modern sites of New York City and Chicago, and then followed quite precisely the present course of the Missouri River up to the northern slopes of the Cypress Hills, beyond which it merged with the ** Cordilleran Ice Sh... [More]
Comment icon #55 Posted by Bavarian Raven 12 years ago
Here's a thought: bears, moose, bison and horses were all well represented in both the Old World and the New. If they could spread from one to the other, what could have kept early modern man from wandering here too? Or h. erectus, for that matter? I know, no evidence - but given the presence of other global fauna, any objection to human presence 12KYA based on either a lack of opportunity or obstructions like ice sheets that only humans, apparently, could not pass is not very convincing. Some probably did. But most of them would have been a long the cost and those areas are now underwater. Ma... [More]
Comment icon #56 Posted by Everdred 12 years ago
Anyone heard another more definite about Goodyear's work? http://archive.archa...ews/topper.html http://www.scienceda...41118104010.htm Cheers. The Topper site is definitely a Paleoamerican occupation site, but everything below the Clovis layer is of the ambiguous "maybe it's just a rock that looks like a tool" type. Goodyear had claimed that there was evidence of a hearth, but that in fact was not the case: (Quoting from http://csfa.tamu.edu/cfsa-publications/Waters-JAS2009-36-1300.pdf ) Goodyear defined this as feature 91 and suggested that this may represent a hearth-like feature (Goodyear... [More]


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